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- $Unique_ID{BRK03728}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Fabry Disease}
- $Subject{Fabry Disease Anderson-Fabry Disease GLA Deficiency Ceramide
- Trihexosidase Deficiency Angiokeratoma Diffuse Angiokeratoma Corporis Diffusum
- Hereditary Dystopic Lipidosis Alpha-Galactosidase Deficiency Glycolipid
- Lipidosis Angiokeratoma of Fordyce Angiokeratome of Mibelli Lysosomal Storage
- Diseases}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 200:
- Fabry Disease
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Fabry Disease) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Anderson-Fabry Disease
- GLA Deficiency
- Ceramide Trihexosidase Deficiency
- Angiokeratoma Diffuse
- Angiokeratoma Corporis Diffusum
- Hereditary Dystopic Lipidosis
- Alpha-Galactosidase Deficiency
- Glycolipid Lipidosis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Angiokeratoma of Fordyce
- Angiokeratome of Mibelli
- Lysosomal Storage Diseases
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Fabry disease is a rare inherited disorder which results from a deficiency of
- an enzyme known as alpha-galactosidase A. This enzyme is responsible for the
- breakdown of compounds called glycolipids (fats containing carbohydrates like
- glucose). When the enzyme is missing or non-functional, these glycolipids
- accumulate, particularly in the walls of blood vessels throughout the body.
- This sex-linked hereditary disorder primarily affects males, but carrier
- females occasionally may have mild manifestations.
-
- Symptoms
-
- In males with Fabry disease, the first symptoms usually noted in childhood
- include the development of small, red skin lesions (known as angiokeratoma)
- on the abdomen, groin and upper thighs and episodes of burning/tingling pain
- in the hands and feet. The painful episodes are triggered by fever, fatigue,
- stress and rapid changes in the weather. With advancing age, males
- experience problems associated with the slowly progressive narrowing and
- blockage of blood vessels through the body. Most patients develop kidney
- disease and require chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation. Patients may
- also have heart disease or strokes due to blood vessel involvement.
-
- Males with milder symptoms have been described who have not experienced
- the pain and who do not develop kidney failure. Carrier females, who carry
- one disease-causing gene and one normal gene, may experience occasional
- episodes of pain, particularly in childhood. About 80% of carrier females
- have a subtle change in their corneas which does not affect vision. Most
- carrier females live a normal life-span.
-
- Causes
-
- Fabry disease is a hereditary, sex-linked disease which results from the
- deficiency of an enzyme called alpha-galactosidase A. The missing enzyme
- causes accumulation of glycolipid products (fats containing carbohydrates
- like glucose) in various tissues of the body and in particular in the walls
- of blood vessels. The disorder is inherited as an x-linked recessive trait.
-
- Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
- mother. X-linked recessive disorders are conditions which are coded on the X
- chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, but males have one X chromosome
- and one Y chromosome. Therefore, in females, disease traits on the X
- chromosome can be masked by the normal gene on the other X chromosome. Since
- males only have one X chromosome, if they inherit a gene for a disease
- present on the X, it will be expressed. Men with X-linked disorders transmit
- the gene to all their daughters, who are carriers, but never to their sons.
- Women who are carriers of an X-linked disorder have a fifty percent risk of
- transmitting the carrier condition to their daughters, and a fifty percent
- risk of transmitting the disease to their sons.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Fabry disease strikes predominantly males. Females with this disorder have a
- milder form of the disease than males. There are an estimated 1 in 40,000
- persons with Fabry disease in the US.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Fabry disease.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- The Angiokeratomas of Fordyce are similar in appearance to the small red
- lesions in Fabry disease but are limited to the scrotum and usually appear
- after age thirty.
-
- The Angiokeratomas of Mibelli are wart-like lesions on the extensor
- surfaces of the extremities of young adults and are associated with
- chilblains (skin lesions resulting from exposure to extreme cold).
-
- Lysosomal Storage Diseases such as Fucosidosis, Sialidasis, Adult-Type B
- Galactosidase Deficiency and Aspartylglucosominuria have angiokeratoma which
- are similar or indistinguishable from the lesions of Fabry disease.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Relief from the chronic episodes of pain in the extremities can be achieved
- with daily oral medication (dilantin). Kidney failure can be treated by
- chronic hemodialysis or kidney transplantation. Other problems should be
- treated symptomatically after consultation with a physician experienced in
- the care of Fabry patients.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Recently, research efforts have resulted in the manufacture of the orphan
- drug alpha-galactosidase A as a treatment for Fabry Disease.
-
- The FDA is testing the biologic Alpha-Galactosidase A (CC Galactosidase),
- developed by Dr. David Calhoun, as a treatment for Fabry's Disease.
-
- More research is needed to determine the long-term safety and
- effectiveness of this treatments.
-
- For more information, physicians may contact the International Center for
- Fabry Disease listed in the Resources section.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- October 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- 203-746-6518
-
- R.J. Desnick, Ph.D., M.D.
- International Center for Fabry Disease
- Mt. Sinai School of Medicine
- 5th Ave at 100th St.
- New York, NY 10029
- 212-241-6944
-
- Dr. Roscoe O. Brady
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-3285
-
- National Tay-Sachs and Allied Diseases Association, Inc.
- 2001 Beacon St. Rm. 304
- Brookline, MA 02164
- 617-277-4463 0r 277-3965
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- Research Trust for Metabolic Diseases in Children
- Golden Gates Lodge, Weston Rd.
- Crewe CW1 1XN, England
- Telephone: (0270) 250244
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- 914-428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 9th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor: Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1990. Pp. 1564-1567.
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 6th Ed.: Charles R. Scriver, et
- al., Editors; McGraw Hill, 1989. Pp. 1754-1774.
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 19th Ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Editors; W.B. Saunders Co., 1990. Pp. 1144-1145.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987, Pp. 522, 1012.
-
-